Two numbers dominate sunscreen labels in the Philippines: SPF and PA. They measure different kinds of sunlight, and neither tells you the whole story.
UVB
SPF measures sunburn protection
SPF, or sun protection factor, measures protection against UVB, the rays that cause sunburn. The scale is not linear. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, SPF 15 filters about 93 percent of UVB and SPF 30 about 97 percent. Higher numbers block slightly more, but no sunscreen blocks 100 percent.
A higher SPF does not let you stay out longer without reapplying. The AAD recommends broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen of SPF 30 or higher, reapplied every two hours outdoors and after swimming or sweating.
UVA
PA measures protection from ageing rays
PA is a rating system developed in Japan for protection against UVA, the rays linked to skin ageing and darkening. It is based on a test called persistent pigment darkening (PPD). The common conversion is:
| Rating | PPD value | UVA protection |
|---|---|---|
| PA+ | 2 to 4 | Some |
| PA++ | 4 to 8 | Moderate |
| PA+++ | 8 to 16 | High |
| PA++++ | 16 or more | Very high |
In the Philippines
Sunscreens are cosmetics, and they are notified
Sunscreens sold here are regulated as cosmetics. They are notified with FDA Philippines rather than registered, and their numbers start with NN-. The FDA portal lists more than a thousand sunscreen notifications. Search the brand or number to confirm the product is on record and the notification is still valid.
Because they are cosmetics, sunscreens should not claim to treat skin conditions. A “sunscreen” promising to cure melasma or acne is making a drug claim.
What to look for
A sunscreen label checklist
- SPF 30 or higherEnough for daily use. Higher is fine but not a reason to reapply less.
- PA+++ or PA++++Strong UVA protection, important in the Philippine sun.
- Named UV filtersLook for the actual filters in the ingredient list, such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide or named chemical filters.
- Water resistanceIf you sweat or swim, check whether it is labelled water resistant.
- An NN- number that checks outSearch it on the FDA portal.
Sunscreen questions
Is SPF 50 much better than SPF 30?
Slightly. SPF 30 filters about 97 percent of UVB according to the American Academy of Dermatology; higher SPFs block a little more, and none blocks everything. Reapplication matters more than the extra number.
What does PA++++ mean on sunscreen?
The highest grade of UVA protection in the Japanese PA system, meaning a persistent pigment darkening value of 16 or more.
Are sunscreens FDA registered in the Philippines?
They are notified as cosmetics, with numbers starting NN-. You can check them on the FDA verification portal.
How often should I reapply sunscreen?
The American Academy of Dermatology recommends every two hours when outdoors, and after swimming or sweating.
Keep reading